"after consulting her colleagues she was to report that attempts had been made to introduce the plant at a nursery in Göteborg" (s6)
После консультации с коллегами она должна была сообщить, что были предприняты попытки высадить это растение в питомнике в Гётеборге.
“Attempts had been made” (past perfect passive)
"...she was to report that attempts had been made..."
Why past perfect?
Because there are three time layers:
-
Attempts to introduce the plant
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She consulted her colleagues
-
She was to report
The attempts happened BEFORE the reporting moment.
👉 Past perfect shows an earlier past relative to another past.
Timeline:
attempts → consultation → reporting
✅ This is the correct and precise tense here.
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“be + to + verb” — complete note (present, past, future)
This structure is formal / neutral and is used mainly for:
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official plans
-
duties / obligations
-
strong expectations
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instructions or announcements
-
fate / inevitability (in narration)
It is common in news, reports, official writing, and serious narration.
1️⃣ Present: am / is / are + to + verb
Form
Subject + am / is / are + to + base verb
Meaning
Something is officially arranged, expected, or required.
Examples
-
The committee is to meet tomorrow.
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She is to report directly to the director.
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All visitors are to wear badges.
Paraphrases
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is expected to
-
is scheduled to
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must (formal)
📌 Note:
This is not casual conversation. In everyday speech, people prefer:
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is going to
-
will
2️⃣ Past: was / were + to + verb
Form
Subject + was / were + to + base verb
Main meanings (very important)
A️⃣ Official plan or duty in the past
Often used in reports or narration.
-
She was to report her findings the next day.
(= that was her assignment)
✔️ The action may or may not have happened — context tells us.
B️⃣ Something that was planned but did NOT happen
Very common in storytelling.
-
He was to become a great scientist, but the war intervened.
👉 This implies: it never happened
C️⃣ Fate / inevitability (literary style)
-
This decision was to change his life forever.
Very common in biographies and history books.
3️⃣ Future: will be + to + verb
Form
Subject + will be + to + base verb
Meaning
A future obligation or official plan, often formal.
Examples
-
The president will be to address the nation at 8 p.m.
-
You will be to report any irregularities immediately.
📌 Sounds formal / authoritative
Less common in everyday speech.
4️⃣ Negative form
Structure
be + not + to + verb
Examples
-
Employees are not to disclose confidential information.
-
You were not to leave the building.
This often means:
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must not
-
were forbidden to
5️⃣ Question form (rare, formal)
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Am I to understand that the project is canceled?
-
Was he to remain in charge?
Common in formal meetings and writing.
6️⃣ Comparison (very useful)
| Structure | Tone | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| be to + verb | formal | official plan / duty |
| be supposed to | neutral | expectation (often informal) |
| have to | neutral | necessity |
| will / going to | informal | simple future |
7️⃣ One-line memory rule
“Be to + verb” = an official or strongly expected action, often in formal or reported contexts.